ILSG Newsletter #3, 1997

---

From the Editor

The ILSG had a successful 1997 meeting in Sudbury thanks to all of the hard work of Ron Sage and Wilf Meyer. Now we are nearing another new year, and as you will read in the article on the cover page, Jim Miller, Mark Jirsa and Terry Boerboom are planning an exciting 1998 meeting in Minneapolis. The ILSG had its first meeting in Minneapolis in 1955. This is the fifth time ILSG has had a meeting in the Minneapolis/St. Paul area, although the last time was in 1976. The special design of the technical program has the potential to both maintain interest of our existing members and attract new interest in ILSG. Given the long association of ILSG and the Minneapolis/St. Paul area, it seems appropriate to continue the never-ending experimentation on how to best serve ILSG members.

Since the meeting is in the home location of the Minnesota Geological Survey, I asked MGS Director, Dave Southwick, to provide a short primer on the MGS. In the last newsletter, Gene LaBerge provided an update on the Flambeau mine and in this issue he fittingly provides us with the epilogue. ILSG was fortunate to have a field trip to Flambeau during the peak of its operations in 1996. Perhaps the Crandon deposit will become a mine and ILSG can have an underground field trip there. In other "mine" related news, for those who do not know, the White Pine mine era has ended as the mine is being allowed to fill with water.

The ILSG Newsletter is now at number 3 because of the numerous positive comments by you, ILSG members. I am sure that it can be made better, so please send me your comments by mail or email (see bottom of the back page for addresses). Last year, I closed my From the Editor on a weather note. This time of year so many people who call or write to me ask "How is the weather?" that it makes me think Houghton must have some fearful weather. Sure we get a lot of snow, but wow we sure have great outdoor snow activities. Ok, now the Houghton weather report, I can report that we have had snow on the ground since the first of November and are already in Heikki Lunta's grip. Soon another winter will have come and gone and it will be time to attend the 44th annual meeting of ILSG. I look forward to seeing you in Minneapolis.

The 44th annual meeting of the Institute on Lake Superior Geology will be held in Minneapolis, Minnesota from May 6 to 10, 1998. Minneapolis may seem like a far cry from the geo-outback of Minnesota, but recall that this organization was born here in 1955! The meeting, hosted by the Minnesota Geological Survey (MGS), will be held at the Holiday Inn-Metrodome in the heart of the "happenin" West Bank of the University of Minnesota campus. Not only is the hotel within walking distance of the Metrodome (not sure if the hapless Twins will be in town then), but many bars, restaurants, cafes, museums, and theaters are nearby. Downtown Minneapolis is a long walk or short drive away. Mall of America is a 15-minute drive, if you must know!

Two days of technical (oral and concurrent poster) sessions will be held on May 7 and 8. We break with tradition somewhat by leading off the meeting with a special half-day session entitled "Geologic Overview of the Lake Superior Region-Archean to Quaternary". We offer this session to 1.) attract members of the large and diverse geosciences community in the Twin Cities metropolitan area; and 2.) present a concise summary for all participants. The session will consist of six 30-minute talks that will summarize current understanding of major geologic provinces of the Lake Superior region. The level of presentation will be geared toward an audience having a sound understanding of geologic processes, but not too specialized. We envision that environmental geoscientists, geohydrologists, geoengineers, geology students, and earth science teachers will be interested. Long-standing members should find new ideas on Paleozoic and Pleistocene geology informative, and an update on the Precambrian can't hurt. To make the meeting even more attractive to new-comers, we offer the option of a first-day-only registration at a reduced rate for those who wish to attend only the special session, and the session will qualify for continuing education credit. In addition, we are seeking a speaker for the banquet (Thursday evening, May 7) who will present a topic of interest to the broader geosciences community.

We also break the mold a bit by offering five field excursions that cover the same broad temporal range of geology as that presented in the special session. Although the emphasis will remain on Precambrian geology, trips highlighting the Paleozoic and Quaternary geology of central and southern Minnesota are planned. Tentative field trip facts:

1. EARLY PROTEROZOIC GEOLOGY OF EAST-CENTRAL MINNESOTA

May 6, 1998

Leaders: Terry Boerboom and Mark Jirsa (MGS), and Daniel Holm (Kent State).

Outcrops of newly remapped Early Proterozoic (±Archean) bedrock in the St. Cloud-Little Falls area that bear on the complex intrusive, deformational and metamorphic history of the core complex of the Penokean Orogen. Includes visits to quarries in classic St. Cloud dimension stone.

2. KEWEENAWAN GEOLOGY OF THE TAYLORS FALLS AREA

May 6, 1998

Leaders: Karl Wirth (Macalester College), William Kean (UW-Milwaukee), and

William Cordua (UW-River Falls).

Will highlight new studies on the volcanic stratigraphy and structure of southernmost exposures of the Midcontinent Rift.

3. GLACIAL EXOTICA OF THE TWIN CITIES AREA

May 6 or 9, 1998

Leaders: Gary Meyer, Howard Hobbs, and Alan Knaeble (MGS)

Will focus on diverse and unique glacial features in the Twin Cities and outlying areas, including thrusted tills in Stearns County and eolian dunes of the Anoka Sand Plain.

4. PALEOZOIC STRATIGRAPHY OF SOUTHEASTERN MINNESOTA

May 9, 1998

Leader: Anthony Runkel (MGS)

Will highlight recent interpretations of the depositional environments of Ordovician and Cambrian strata, and their application to hydrogeologic problems.

5. ARCHEAN AND QUATERNARY GEOLOGY OF THE MINNESOTA RIVER VALLEY

May 9-10, 1998

Leaders: David Southwick and Carrie Paterson (MGS), and Mark Schmitz (MIT)

The two-day trip will have a dual emphasis: 1. geologic, structural and geochronologic story of the Archean gneiss terrane, and 2. recent mapping of Quaternary strata that has unraveled a protracted and complex history of glacial deposition in SW Minnesota.

With the universal downsizing of geological institutions in recent years, especially in the fields of geology historically associated with the ILSG, the need for the institute to expand its focus beyond the traditional topics of Precambrian geology is apparent. As reported in last year's newsletter, 81% of the 92 respondents to a 1996 ILSG questionnaire agreed that such expansion is

vital to the future of the institute. Furthermore, many individuals whose careers were built on minerals exploration are turning to other subfields of geology in order to address new societal issues. We strongly believe that the 1998 meeting presents a unique opportunity to expand the reach of the ILSG, in terms of both the range of geological topics, and the background of participants. Indeed, the degree to which we are successful in attracting what is perhaps the largest concentration of geoscientists in the Lake Superior region to this meeting may foretell the long-term health of the Institute. To assure that we have done all we can to seize this opportunity, we are designing a meeting and field trips that we think will entice the diverse geologic community, yet not alienate our historical base of support. We have already begun to proactively solicit support from local geological organizations (e.g., American Institute of Professional Geologists, America Association of Women Geoscientists, Minnesota Groundwater Association, Minnesota Earth Science Teachers Association) and colleges through notices in their newsletters and oral presentations. We invite them to both attend and present.

While we make these attempts to expand the reach of ILSG, our efforts will be for naught if we lose the support of those of you who have been long-time participants in the institute. Therefore, we hope that we can count on your continued involvement. We especially encourage you to volunteer oral or poster presentations of your recent work, to reverse the steady decline of abstract submittals that has occurred in recent years. We would rather be faced with the task of having to ask someone to give a poster instead of an oral presentation for lack of time slots. We also need your help to advertise the meeting to members of the broader geoscience community in your area. We welcome company sponsorship of meeting breaks and social gatherings. As in previous years, the institute will grant a number of student travel and best student paper awards to qualifying participants. Consideration for travel awards is greatest for those students giving an oral or poster presentation. For other award guidelines, consult the "boiler plate" of the most recent Program and Abstracts Volume of ILSG, or contact the secretary-treasurer, Mark Jirsa, at the e-mail address or phone number given below. The first circular for the meeting will be mailed in December. If you do not receive one by January 1 or if you have any comments, ideas, or questions about plans for the upcoming meeting, please contact us by email (jirsa001@maroon.tc.umn.edu or mille066@maroon.tc.umn.edu), by phone (612-627-4780), by fax (612-627-4778), or by mail (ILSG c/o: Minnesota Geological Survey, 2642 University Ave., St. Paul, MN 55114).

See you in Minneapolis!

The Flambeau mine has come and gone. That last train load of ore was shipped from Ladysmith via Wisconsin Central Railway on August 25, 1997, marking the end to a very successful mining operation in northern Wisconsin by Flambeau Mining Company. The first ore was shipped in May of 1993, nearly 25 years after the discovery of the deposit in 1968. Ore shipments during the four years of operation totaled 1,895,984 tons that averaged 8.9 % copper (including 400,000 tons of direct smelting ore that averaged up to 30 % copper), 0.10 oz./ton gold, and lesser amounts of silver. Although it was a rather small orebody, the Flambeau mine was one of the highest grade orebodies ever mined. The supergene enriched ore was mined to a depth of 180 feet on the eastern end, and 220 on the western end of the open pit mine that measured 2600 feet long and up to 550 feet wide (Figure 1).

In addition to the approximately 1.9 million tons of ore, mining operations also removed some 8.8 million tons of waste rock from the 34 acre open pit. Following completion of mining in the eastern end of the mine in August 1996, backfilling of that portion of the mine with waste rock admixed with crushed limestone commenced. Mining continued in the western portion of the orebody until early April 1997. Backfilling of the entire pit with the waste rock/crushed limestone mix was then undertaken. Ames Construction Co. brought in additional 50-ton trucks and earth movers for the backfilling operations. By late October 1997 all of the waste rock had been returned to the open pit (Figure 2).

Backfilling proceeded according to plan, with waste rock containing greater than 1 % sulfides being mixed with crushed limestone and returned to the deeper levels of the mine. Therefore, when reclamation is completed, the sulfide-bearing backfill will be well below the water table where interaction with oxygenated groundwater will be minimal. The admixed limestone will mitigate against the development of acid waters in the unlikely event that oxygen does react with some of the sulfides.

The original topsoil (stockpiled in a mound on which the visitors center stood) will be spread over the site during the summer of 1998, and the mine site will then be re-vegetated. Final plans for the site have not been completed, but include possible development of an 18-hole golf course and hiking/cross-country skiing trail with an educational emphasis. Eighty percent of the respondents to a poll conducted of the 2,000 visitors at the final site tour in August 1997 voted in favor of development of a golf course. Evidently they felt that a golf course would attract additional visitors to the Ladysmith area. Thus, the mine site may be an enduring financial benefit to the community.

In the opinion of this writer, Flambeau Mining Company and its parent organizations, Kennecott Minerals and Rio Tinto, have provided an exemplary model for other mining companies to follow in their efforts to develop mines in Wisconsin, or elsewhere. The openness and willingness of Flambeau Mining Company to meet with the public and to respond to concerns has done much to assuage fears of an environmental disaster, which, at the Flambeau mine, simply did not happen.

The price has been SLASHED for VMS volume (Volume 42, part 2, volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits of northern Wisconsin) to $10 US, postpaid in North America. Now is an excellent time to acquire this collection of articles highlighting the geology, history, and development of the Flambeau and other VMS deposits, including the Crandon deposit discussed in another article. A total of 179 pages and a real deal at $10 postpaid. Send orders to T.J. Bornhorst, Associate Secretary-Treasurer ILSG, 901 Agate St., Houghton, MI 49931

The Crandon deposit is a world-class volcanogenic massive sulfide ore body in northern Wisconsin with identified total resource of 72.5 million st as described in the ILSG commemorative volume on volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits of northern Wisconsin edited by G. L. LaBerge. Copies are still available by contacting T.J. Bornhorst. Most readers will already be aware that the Crandon Mining Company has requested permits to open a mine at Crandon. The Crandon Mining Company submitted an environmental impact report (EIR) to the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (DNR) in 1995. In the first quarter of 1998, the Wisconsin DNR is expected to release their draft environmental impact statement (EIS). This will be followed by public hearings. A final EIS is expected by the end of 1998. This will be followed by a master hearing by an administrative law judge in the first half of 1999. The judge will take sworn testimony from the public and experts. After testimony, the administrative law judge and/or the Secretary of the Wisconsin DNR will make a decision by the fall of 1999 on whether to issue or deny the permits needed to open the Crandon Mine. If the permits are issued the mine could begin production in 2003.

The 1997 annual meeting of the Institute on Lake Superior Geology was held on the campus of Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario from May 6-12, 1997. Attendance at the annual meeting was 101 in keeping with the trend in recent years of declining numbers. Six field trips were conducted to visit many of the geological features of the region. Field trip participation mirrored economic considerations with those trips having the most economic impact having the greater number of participants. The abundant outcroppings and large variety of rocks made Sudbury an ideal spot to host the 43rd annual ILSG meeting.

A number of field trips represented one time or last time opportunities to visit certain features. The Huronian field trip conducted by Gerry Bennett, Ontario Geological Survey, was the last act of Gerry on behalf of the Survey before retiring after 32 years of service. The Whistle pit, visited by participants on the Magmatic Ore Deposits field trip, is now closed. This pit was the only on-surface exposure of Sudbury sulphide mineralization that has been available for study in recent years. The Alkalic Rock field trip visited several difficult to access sites. Recent pitting and stripping made the Spanish River Carbonatite the best exposed it has ever been and the visit to the Nemag Lake fenites was a first for any field trip in the area due to difficult access. The boat trip to the former mine site on the Manitou Island Carbonatite was uneventful and pleasant in contrast to the usual weather conditions found on Lake Nipissing. The Sudbury structure field trip concentrated on the Onaping Tuff and the field trip leader Stu Gibbins is preparing a paper on the Onaping Tuff for a professional paper. Tony Davidson, Geological Survey of Canada, ran an excellent field trip through the Grenville Deformation Zone, which occurs immediately south of Sudbury. Finally, the field trip concerning the regreening of Sudbury was excellent. The low attendance on the regreening field trip was a great surprise to organizers since there is no better place than Sudbury to study the environmental impact of base metal mining and the solutions to the problems that may develop.

The Ontario Geological Survey is especially thanked for the use of vehicles, equipment, materials and staff time to make the meeting a success. Since the meeting, Wilf Meyer has entered private business as a consulting geologist based in Sudbury. Tracy Livingstone, who did a great deal of the planning for the meeting, has been assigned to a new position within the survey and is doing well. We hope to see you in Minneapolis in 1998!

The 1997 meeting in Sudbury, Ontario was a great success by nearly all accounts. Though attendance was down somewhat compared with that of previous years (101 participants), the meeting turned a profit of more than $3000 US. This, as I understand from the meeting's chairs, was due in large part to contributions of person-power and equipment by the Ontario Geological Survey-many thanks to the OGS...and to the 1997 chairs!

As a result of this and continued sales of Proceedings volumes, including the Keweenaw Peninsula field guide book (orchestrated by Ted Bornhorst), and the VMS volume (shepherded by Gene LaBerge), the treasurer uses only black ink and quite a bit of it! The institute's net worth currently stands at about $28,000. This is distributed among several mutual funds, treasury notes, money market, and savings accounts in Minnesota, and a small account in Michigan used to maintain the Keweenaw guide book endeavor. Investments are conservative (low risk) and earn the institute about 6-8% annually. The Goldich medal account now contains $3150, inflating at the rate of $1 per meeting participant per year. Sales of other archived volumes during the last year (since Newsletter #2) brought approximately $950. Sales of the VMS volume have fallen steadily as the market becomes saturated; however, since its printing (and excluding those provided to field trip participants at the 42nd annual meeting), nearly $700-worth have sold.

There remains some controversy surrounding the issue of how best to utilize the "Eisenbrey Fund", created in honor of its namesake during the 42nd annual meeting in Cable, Wisconsin. The fund was established in part by contributions from corporations and individuals that were used to print the VMS volume. It was generally understood that it would be used to encourage geologic research in the Lake Superior region and student participation in the ILSG. A committee,

consisting of Gene LaBerge, Mark Smyk, and me, was formed to make recommendations about the use of that fund to the board, at or before next years meeting in Minnesota. If you have any suggestions for its use that falls within the general mission described above (i.e., not such uses as "you could give it all to me!"), please let one of us know.

The Minnesota Department of Natural Resources has recently published "Geology on Display - Geology and Scenery of Minnesota's North Shore State Parks" by John C. Green. Many of you know John from ILSG meetings. He was past Chair of the 35th annual (1989) ILSG meeting in Duluth, led ILSG field trips, made numerous presentations, and participated in LISG meetings. John's enthusiasm for and knowledge of Minnesota's North Shore is obvious in this new book, which is really a geologic field guide. The first part of "Geology on Display" provides brief description of the bedrock geology with emphasis on the Midcontinent rift system, followed by an introduction to those unconsolidated surficial materials related to glaciation in the past 2 million years and processes operating today. I enjoyed reading this background information as it was clearly presented at a level to be of interest to geologists and yet understandable by educated lay persons. John has inserted an appropriate number of figures and tables and 4 pages of color photographs to enhance explanations of the text. These 21 pages of geology of the North Shore are followed by 41 pages of descriptions of 9 individual state parks from Jay Cooke State Park in the Duluth area all the way along the Minnesota Lake Superior shoreline to Grand Portage State Park on the Minnesota-Ontario, Canada border. For each there is a description of the bedrock and surficial geology, a geologic map of the park and nearby area, usually 2 pages of color photographs, and a few other diagrams. The text provides an organized, clear, and concise explanation of the geology of each park. The color photographs are really high quality; I did not know John was such a good photographer. The topographic underlay for the geologic maps is too difficult to read to allow one to match geology with locations within the parks. I must admit that the same complaint has been made of my geologic field guide for the Keweenaw Peninsula distributed through the ILSG. A reference map of all of Minnesota's North Shore in each individual park description would be a nice addition. In conclusion, I highly recommend that any of you who plan to visit the North Shore purchase a copy of "Geology on Display". I borrowed a copy from John to do this review, but I have already put in an order for my own personal copy. John has produced a high quality field guide that is published on high quality paper. It is well worth the $19.95 plus shipping. It can be ordered from Minnesota State Parks and you can call 612-297-8361 for more information. I extend my thanks to John for producing such a nice field guide of a scenic and geologically interesting area of the Lake Superior region.

In case you skimmed over the Report from the Secretary-Treasurer, I recap: the ILSG is fairly flush with capital, which could work to your direct advantage. This might be a good time to consider preparing a presentation (or for now, at least a title ) of your research, and submitting a request for Student Travel and consideration for Best Student Papers Awards. Notice from the article in this newsletter about the upcoming 1998 meeting, that the range of topics this year will be much broader than in previous years-this allows you "great topical latitude". In the past, Travel Awards varied from a waiver of meeting registration fees, to defraying travel costs. A Best Student Paper Award gets you as much as several hundred dollars. Qualification guidelines can be

found within the "boiler-plate" of any recent ILSG Proceedings Volume, or I can send them to you. Contact me, Mark Jirsa, by phone (612-627-4539), by fax (612-627-4778), or by email (jirsa001@maroon.tc.umn.edu).

And whether you apply for these student awards or not, we welcome and look forward to your participation in the ILSG!

Just a reminder that proceedings volumes and field trip guidebooks from previous years of the ILSG can be purchased from the ILSG Secretary-Treasurer at nominal cost. Stock is limited to between volumes 33 (1987 Wawa) and 43 (1997 Sudbury), and not all parts of all volumes are still available. Direct orders and inquiries to Mark Jirsa, ILSG Secretary-Treasurer: 2642 University Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55114-1057, or email me at "jirsa001@maroon.tc.umn.edu". Orders can be billed, or pre-paid. Photo copies of older volumes back to 1955 can be purchased at the prevailing copying cost from the institute's primary archivist Ms. Theresa Sanderson-Spence, at J. Robert Van Pelt Library, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931 (phone 906-487-2505; fax 906-487-2357).

Winchell School of Earth Sciences

Institute of Technology, University of Minnesota

What is the Survey? What does it do? Who uses its products?

The Minnesota Geological Survey (MGS) is the state's primary center for earth sciences information. The Survey studies the state's three-dimensional geologic framework and its evolution in geologic time, chiefly through geologic mapping, and translates the research results to practical applications for the public. The main users of MGS maps and technical reports are state and local land-use planners and decision makers, well drillers, geologic and engineering consultants, the mining and mineral-exploration industries, and educators.

The MGS serves general citizens by answering inquiries about geology and water wells, helping people to interpret and use geological information in their local areas, and producing and distributing popular publications about the geological features and phenomena of our state. The MGS also contributes to the academic fabric of geology through classroom teaching in the University, through publication of its research results in national and international scientific journals, and through the participation of its staff members in scientific meetings.

The professional responsibilities of the Survey's 35-person staff are grouped into five subject areas that correspond generally with the geologic framework of the state.

The Quaternary Sciences Group maps the glacially deposited sediments that are immediately underfoot and deciphers their 3-dimensional distribution in the subsurface. Subsurface investigations include test drilling, systematic collection of cuttings from commercial drilling operations, and down-hole geophysical logging. Shallow seismic capabilities are being developed.

The Stratigraphy and Sedimentology Group studies the consolidated sedimentary rocks of the state through a combination of surface and subsurface techniques. Much effort is focused on the sandstone and dolostone aquifers from which most of the well water in the Twin Cities and southeastern Minnesota is drawn. Management of this priceless ground-water resource requires detailed knowledge of the geologic "container".

The Precambrian Sciences Group uses surface mapping, geophysical methods, and drilling to study the crystalline rocks that lie immediately beneath glacial sediments in the northern and southwestern parts of Minnesota. These rocks host the world-famous iron mines of northern Minnesota and the granite quarries near St. Cloud. They also contain promising geologic environments for the future discovery of other mineral commodities. Scientists in this group work

closely with minerals specialists in government agencies and industry.

The Hydrogeology Group is responsible for studies relating to the flow of ground-water through Minnesota's varied geologic environments and for scientific investigations of ground-water quality. Staff hydrogeologists work closely with the regulatory agencies, well drillers, and the general public on ground-water management concerns.

The Water-Well Data Management Group verifies the locations of water wells, maintains a computerized water-well database (County Well Index or CWI), staffs a water-well help line, and interacts extensively with environmental and other consultants.

A technical staff of cartographers, graphics specialists, editors, computer and geographic information system (GIS) specialists, and geologic technicians provides support for the earth-science staff of the subject-area groups. In addition, student employees perform many valuable services.

Geophysical Studies. Aeromagnetic and gravity surveys enable earth scientists to infer the nature of rocks that are covered by glacial sediments. These powerful tools are indispensable to the mapping of buried Precambrian rocks in much of Minnesota. The statewide databases of gravity and high-resolution aeromagnetic data produced by MGS are among the best of their kind in North

America, and the MGS remains a leader in the geological interpretation of aeromagnetic and gravity data. Our geophysical databases are available to the public in several map and digital forms.

County Geologic Atlas (CGA) and Regional Hydrogeologic Assessment (RHA) Programs. CGA's are sets of maps of individual Minnesota counties that are designed to meet the needs of planners and decision makers. Atlases present relevant information for both technical experts and informed citizens who wish to ensure that sensible land- and water-use decisions are made. RHA's are maps of the near-surface geology of multi-county areas that are detailed enough to allow reconnaissance-level assessment of the pollution susceptibility of the shallowest aquifer system. In most of Minnesota the shallowest aquifer system is within glacial sediments, and the emphasis of RHA's therefore is on Quaternary geology and hydrogeology. CGA's and RHA's are produced cooperatively by the MGS and the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources. Those produced since 1993 are available as GIS data files and paper maps; older ones are available as paper maps only.

County Well Index (CWI). CWI is a database of water-well information for each county that may be purchased in floppy-disk format, or may be searched in the MGS offices on public-access computers. At present CWI contains data on some 240,000 wells, nearly half of which have verified locations and complete construction and geologic records.

County Services Office. This office assists county personnel and the general public in the use of MGS products, especially the CGA's, RHA's, and CWI. Questions from the public on these topics and on water wells in general are answered on a "help line".

Education and Outreach Activities. The Survey provides training in the use of geologic information for user groups throughout Minnesota. We also provide technical training at well-abandonment workshops, and special training for drillers in well locating, rock description, and the use of digital data. Upon request, MGS staff are available for public lectures, field trips, talks for

school groups, and technical assistance to the news media on geologic topics.

Maps and Publications Sales Office. All current maps and reports published by the Minnesota Geological Survey are available for purchase through this office. In addition, the sales office maintains a full stock of USGS topographic maps of Minnesota quadrangles and a small selection of publications on Minnesota geology produced by organizations other than MGS.

A note of thanks to the friendly folks at the Wisconsin Geological Survey who heeded our cry to fill gaps in archived collection of institute volumes. They sent a great many that had been published under their auspices...and we are very grateful!

Check out the ILSG website at "http://www.geo.mtu.edu/great_lakes/ilsg/". Please send links to tjbornho@mtu.edu so the website can be made more useful to ILSG members.

The ILSG Newsletter is published by and for the benefit of the Institute on Lake Superior Geology. Opinions expressed herein are those of the writers and do not necessarily reflect official position of the Institute on Lake Superior Geology. For comments, suggestions, and possible contributions for the ILSG Newsletter contact T.J. Bornhorst, Department of Geological Engineering and Sciences, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI 49931-1295; (906) 487-2721 phone, tjbornho@mtu.edu (email).