time
Tracking directions of the rockfalls in real-time
 Spatial variations of rockfalls and pyroclastic flows around the dome are largely determined by the extrusion of individual lobes (constraining source area and direction) and dome height (constraining possible directions for longer runout events).

Mapping spatial variations in rockfall directions over time can be achieved by mapping azimuth changes in the concentration of energy derived by interpolating the energy over the different seismic stations (Fig. 8, Calder unpublished data). I can go over how we do this in class.

In summary the lower plot shows that most rockfalls (black = high concentration) occur at an azimuth of 50 degrees ie into Tar River valley. Changes from this are observed where you start to see black bands appearing at other azimuth ranges. Rockfalls were shed from a wider sector of the dome (SW-NE) around mid-January, and a new lobe, the ‘pancake’ lobe, was extruded on 10 Feb, coinciding, perfectly with shifts in azimuth-specific energies (Fig. 8).

As a first approach this seems to provide a visually straightforward means to monitor change in growth areas and rockfall locus around the dome. Once refined, and suitably calibrated, this could easily be integrated into the real-time MVO monitoring system - we are working on this.